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    • Virtual FIELD TRIP TO THE RIO HONDO COLLEGE ​WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Adaptations to Dry Climates
    • Microscopic Plant Adaptations
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    • GROWTH CURVES
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    • LC50 and LD50
    • How to Make a Solar Water Heater
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    • Testing for Sugar, Starch and Proteins
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    • Midterm Exam Study Guide
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    • Lesson 8 - Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction
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    • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
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      • Membrane Transport
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      • BLOOD CELLS
      • mitosis
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      • The Integumentary System
      • Epithelial Tissues
      • Connective Tissue
      • Muscle Tissue
      • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
      • Cartilage SAC
    • Organ Systems
    • Portal to the Skeletal system
      • The SKULL ANATOMY
      • the Thoracic Cage
      • the vertebral column
      • The Appendicular Skeleton
      • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
      • joints
    • The Muscular System Portal
      • Muscle Tissue
      • Muscles - Intramuscular Injection Sites - WCU
      • Muscles of the Body - Review
    • The Nervous System
      • Introduction to the Nervous System
      • Nervous Tissue
      • The Brain - Anat
      • The Ear - Sensory Organs
      • The Eye - Sensory Organs
    • THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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    • The Respiratory System
    • THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PORTAL
      • Intro to the Circulatory System
      • THE HEART
      • HEART DISSECTION PHOTO GALLERY
      • THE VESSELS OF BLOOD CIRCULATION
    • Digestive System
    • Animal Dissection (Virtual)
    • dissection of the fetal pig
  • Physiology
    • Homeostasis - Physio
    • Chemical Reactions - Physio
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic - Physio
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC - Physio
    • Chemical Bonds - Physio
    • Metabolism - Physio
    • Portal to the Skeletal system
    • Endocrine and Homeostasis physio
    • Muscle Physiology
    • Blood
    • Cardiovascular System
    • Lymphatic System
    • Respiratory System Physiology
    • Renal System
    • Digestive System
    • Reproductive System
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    • Lab 2 - Osmosis
    • Lab 4 - Heart Rate and Barometers
    • Lab 5 - Virtual Neuron Lab
    • Case Study One
  • Anat & Physio
    • The Muscular System Portal
    • The Integumentary System a&p
      • The Epidermis
      • The Dermis
      • The Epidermis rio
      • Connective Tissue
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    • Course Calendar - BIO 3070
    • Bio of Pregnancy - SYLLABUS
    • Course Information
    • Evolution of Human Pregnancy
    • History of Human Pregnancy
    • Myths of Pregnancy and Fertility
    • Female Reproductive System
    • The Menstrual Cycle
    • The Male Reproductive System and Male Contraception
    • Fertility and Conception
    • In-Vitro Fertilization
    • Infertility
    • Genetics of Reproduction
    • Prenatal and Maternity Care
    • The Pregnant Body
    • fetal development
    • Development of the Nervous System
    • Stages of Labor
    • Postpartum Issues
    • Twins
  • Chemistry
    • pH Lab
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
      • VOLCANO LAB
    • Volcano Project
  • College/Life Skills
    • Online Professionalism
    • Advising Resources
    • INTERVIEW SKILLS AND RESUME WRITING
    • DIVERSITY
    • CAMPUS EVENTS
      • Predation
    • Time Management
  • Environmental Science
    • MIDTERM 2 STUDY GUIDE
    • Exam 2 Study Guide
    • ENVS 105 Home Page
      • Midterm 3 Study Guide Population Ecology
      • Ecology II - Communities and Ecosystems
      • Module 1 Assignments
      • Module 2 Assignments
    • Inrtoduction to ENV SCI
    • Historical Perspective of ​Environmental Science
    • Biomes
    • FOOD CHAIN and FOOD WEB
    • Biogeochemical Recycling
    • Evolution - Our Beginning
    • Genetic Inheritance
    • Evolution: How Populations Change over Time
    • Symbiosis
    • Population Ecology
    • Competition in Nature
    • Herbivory
    • Niches
    • Fossil Fuels
  • Environmental Biology Laboratory
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • Ecological Roles of Living Organisms
      • The Basics
      • Bacteria - Ecological Roles
      • Protists - Ecological Roles
      • Fungus - Ecological Roles
      • Plantae and Animalia - Ecological Roles
    • Virtual FIELD TRIP TO THE RIO HONDO COLLEGE ​WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Adaptations to Dry Climates
    • Microscopic Plant Adaptations
    • Natural Selection
    • GROWTH CURVES
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • LC50 and LD50
    • How to Make a Solar Water Heater
    • WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
  • General Biology
    • Characteristics of Life
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Introduction to The Cell
    • Photosynthesis and cellular Respiration
    • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
    • The Cell Cycle
    • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis
    • The Structure of DNA
    • Evolution
  • General Biology Laboratory
    • GENERAL BIOLOGY 101 LABORATORY HOME PAGE
      • Enzymes
      • OSMOSIS LAB
      • Lab 1 - Bacteria, Protista and Fungi
      • Lab 2 - Plantae and Animalia
      • Photosynthesis
      • Lab 5 - Introduction to Cells
      • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
      • Lab 7 - Membrane Transport
      • Lab 8 - Enzymes
      • Lab 9 - Photosynthesis
      • Lab 10 Fermentation, Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Associated Major Organ Systems
    • GENERAL BIO 1110L Labs
      • lab 2 - CELLS - BIO 111L
      • lab 3 - DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS - BIO 111L
      • lab 4 - The Circulatory System - BIO 111L
      • lab 6 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
      • lab 7 - Reproduction - BIO 111L
      • DNA, GENES AND GENETIC INHERITANCE
      • lab 9 - GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
      • lab 10 - ADAPTATIONS - BIO 111L
      • lab 11 - ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
  • Human Biology
    • A History of Human Biology
    • Levels of Organization
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Cells
    • Cartilage SAC
    • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
  • Human Biology Lab
    • Testing for Sugar, Starch and Proteins
    • Osmosis, Diffusion and Filtration
    • buffers
    • OSMOSIS LAB
    • Anatomical Planes
    • Body Cavities and Membranes
    • Anatomical Positions
    • The Appendicular Skeleton
    • The SKULL
    • the Thoracic Cage
    • the vertebral column
  • Human Sexuality
    • Course Information
    • Course Calendar
    • Lesson 1 - Introduction to Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 2 - Genetic Inheritance of Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 3 - The Male Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 4 - The Female Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 5 - The Menstrual Cycle
    • Midterm Exam Study Guide
    • Lesson 6 - Fetal Development and Sexual Differentiation
    • Lesson 7 - Disorders of Sexual Development
    • Lesson 8 - Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction
    • Lesson 9 - Fetishism
    • Lesson 10 - Sexuality Throughout the World
    • ​Lesson 11 - Sexuality Through the Ages
    • Lesson 12 - Sexual Harassment, Coercion and Violence
    • Final Exam Study Guide
  • Microbiology PORTAL
    • Microbiology - CPP
      • ​Intro to Microorganisms
      • Diseases
      • EPIDEMIOLOGY
      • HOST DEFENSES
      • PATHOGENICITY
      • History of Microbiology
      • Levels of Organization cpp
      • Bacteria versus Archaea
      • Intro. to Bacteria
      • Viruses and Prions
      • Microbial Genetics
      • Microbial Nutrition and Growth
        • Nutritional Categories
        • Microbial Metabolism
        • CONTROL OF BACTERIA GROWTH AND ANTIBIOTICS
      • Eukaryotic Organisms
      • Archaeal Diversity
      • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
      • Bacteria vs Archaeal Structures
      • Taxonomic Classifications
      • Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotic Cells
      • MIC- CPP Course Calendar
    • Cell Theory
    • Chemistry of Life
      • Chemical Bonds
      • Chemical Reactions
    • Biofilms
    • Definition of Terms
  • Microbiology Laboratory
    • Cell Culture and Inoculations
    • aseptic technique
    • WET MOUNT
    • Streak Plate
    • Mannitol salt agar (MSA) Test
    • Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
    • Blood Agar
    • Dilution Series and Calculations
    • Phage Plaque Assay
    • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
    • Microbiology Lab -study guide exam one
    • Ex 2 - Microorganisms
    • EX 3 - aseptic technique
    • Ex 4 - Smear Prep
    • Ex 5 - Simple Stains
    • Ex 6 - Negative Staining
    • Ex 8 - Gram Stain
    • Ex 9 - Acid-Fast Stain
    • Ex 10 - Endospore Stain
    • Ex 11 - Motility Test
    • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
    • ex 13 - UV Radiation
    • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
    • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
    • ex 16 - Hand-washing
    • ex 17 - pH and microbial growth
    • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
    • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
  • HISTOTECHNOLOGY
  • The Brain
  • The Brain
  • The Structure of DNA
  • Contact
  • FUN ZONE
    • GAMES
    • Video Vault
    • Population Ecology - ACTIVITY
    • The Carbon Cycle - ACTIVITY
    • Evolution - ACTIVITY
    • The Cell Game
    • SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY
    • THE LORAX ACTIVITY
    • Brittney the Kidney
    • From Soup to Poop
    • MITOSIS - THE NURSERY RHYME
    • Verne the Sperm and friends
      • Verne the Sperm pg1
        • Verne the Sperm pg2
        • Verne the Sperm pg3
        • Verne the Sperm pg4
        • Verne the Sperm pg5
  • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
  • A History of Anatomy
  • List of Pages
    • Microscopes
  • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
  • Chemistry of Life
  • Muscle Movements
  • The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
  • The Muscles of the Limbs
  • Nervous Tissue
  • The Brain - Anat and Physiology
  • Instructions for Taking BIO 3070
  • MTH 121 Algebra A - Course Schedule and Info
  • Laboratory Calendar CMC Spring 2019
  • Genetics Lab
  • Chemistry and Conversions Lab
  • Digestion and Enzymes Lab
  • Endocrine and Homeostasis Lab
  • Muscles and Reflexes Lab
  • Sensory Lab
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Blood Lab
  • Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Electrocardiogram Lab
  • Respiratory Lab
  • Lab 11 Renal Lab
  • Blood Typing Game
  • Body Systems Interactive
  • Ch 9 - The Central Nervous System
  • Ch 10 - Sensory Systems
  • Neuron Virtual Laboratory
  • Virtual Eye Lab
  • Virtual pH Lab
  • Chemical Bonds Virtual Lab
  • Beer's Law Virtual Lab
  • Build-an-Atom Virtual Lab
  • Diffusion Virtual Lab
  • Ohm's Law Virtual Lab
  • New Page
  • Ch 8 - Nervous System


pH Lab

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Interactive periodic table

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pH LAB DEMONSTRATION 

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Red Cabbage Jiffy Juice Kit
Item # 840466
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The Product is Very Inexpensive and Can Be Purchased From Carolina Biological Supply CLICK HERE!



pH LAB INSTRUCTIONS AND WRITE UP


​

pH LAB


Picture
pH is important for Biological Processes. In liquid water, a small percentage of the water molecules dissociate or break apart into hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). These ions are very reactive, and changes in their concentrations can drastically affect a cell’s proteins and other complex molecules.


Acids
  • Some chemical compounds contribute additional H+ to an aqueous solution, whereas others remove H+ from it. A substance that donates hydrogen ions to solutions is called an acid. An example of a strong acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), the acid in the gastric juice in your stomach. An acidic solution has a higher concentration of H+ than OH-.
Bases
  • Some chemical compounds contribute additional H+ to an aqueous solution, whereas others remove H+ from it. A substance that donates hydrogen ions to solutions is called an acid. An example of a strong acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), the acid in the gastric juice in your stomach. An acidic solution has a higher concentration of H+ than OH-.
  • pH Scale
  • We use the pH scale to describe how acidic or basic a solution is (pH stands for potential of hydrogen).
  • The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. It ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic.
  • pH Scale
  • Each pH unit represents a 10-fold change in the concentration of H+ in a solution. For example, lemon juice at pH 2 has 10 times more H+ than an equal amount of a cola at pH 3 and 100 times more H+ than tomato juice at pH 4.
Atoms have 3 types of subatomic particles
#1  Proton(s) P+
#2  Neutron(s)  N
#3 Electron(s)  e-
 
#1  Proton(s) - are positively charged and are in the nucleus of the atom
#2  Neutron(s) - Are also in the nucleus of the atom, but they do not have any charge.
#3  Electron(s) - Have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus.  The outer-most electrons in an atom, dictate how the atom can bond
Atoms all have a nucleus. This is where the Protons and Neutrons (if any) live. It will be helpful to know WHERE the element is on the periodic table!  This will give you a clue on how it will bind! Atoms bind using their outer-most electrons 98% of all living organisms are made of C (carbon) H (Hydrogen) N (Nitrogen) and O (Oxygen). In the human body, we have CARBON 18% / OXYGEN 65% / HYDROGEN 10% / 3% NITROGEN  Carbon is the most important biological molecule for life as we know it! Carbon is the central element of life.
ONLY Carbon has the ABILITY TO Create up to 4 bonds that are ALSO extremely strong. This allows for complex molecules to form - Carbon can bind up to 4 other atoms! Life on other planets would most likely be CARBON-BASED as well. We Must Also Look For Water, since water is necessary for life on Earth. Carbon and Water seem to create LIFE under the right conditions. Water allows for Chemistry to happen. "FOLLOW THE WATER!" IS NASA'S MOTO FOR THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE!  WHY?  NOW LET'S FIND OUT!
Why do we need to find water to find life? Water is in LIQUID form here on Earth. Water is considered a POLAR molecule Since it is slightly negative on one end, and slightly positive on the other end! The Polarity of water allows it to have the ability to dissolving a variety of different substances! This is why water is called the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT. Water can dissolve more substances than any other molecule!
Also, atoms have to get close enough to react in order to form molecules.... And, since ATOMS DON'T have legs... The atoms are able to find each other as they float around in water.  In water, atoms can easily travel and react!


INSTRUCTIONS

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​pH Lab                                                                                                                                             Name _____________
 Red Cabbage Lab
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
    Very acidic solutions will turn anthocyanin a red color. Neutral solutions result in a purplish color. Basic solutions appear in greenish-yellow. Therefore, it is possible to determine the pH of a solution based on the color it turns the anthocyanin pigments in red cabbage juice.
     What is it about cabbage that causes this to happen? Red cabbage contains a water-soluble pigment called anthocyanin that changes color when it is mixed with an acid or a base. The pigment turns red in acidic environments with a pH less than 7 and the pigment turns bluish-green in alkaline (basic) environments with a pH greater than 7.
    Red cabbage is just one of many indicators that are available to scientists. Some indicators start out colorless and turn blue or pink, for example, when they mix with a base. If there is no color change at all, the substance that you are testing is probably neutral, just like water.
 
PRINCIPALS:
Students are introduced to the concept of acids and bases.
MATERIALS:
  • Red cabbage extract
  • Distilled Water
  • Testing cups or tubes
  • White paper
  • Test chemicals: HCl, NaOH, Bleach, Vinegar, Baking soda, Lemon juice, Washing soda, Laundry detergent, Soda pop, Alka-Seltzer, Aspirin, Alcohol, Milk, Alka-Seltzer
  • safety goggles or glasses
  • graduated cylinder
  • spoon or stirrer
 
PROCEDURE:
  1. Using a disposable pipette, add 1ml of red cabbage concentrate to each test cup or tube.
  2. Fill a large beaker with Distilled water and bring it back to your desk.
  3. Use your disposable pipette to transfer some Distilled water from your beaker to the graduated cylinder, until you reach the 20 ml graduated mark on your graduated cylinder.
  4. Pour the 20 ml of Distilled Water from your graduated cylinder to one of your test cups or tubes.
  5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all of your test cups or tubes have been filled.
  6. Label your cups 1 through 12 (Take good notes to keep track of what substance you tested in each cup or tube!)
  7. Carefully add a few drops of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to #1. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  8. Carefully add a few drops of aspirin dissolved in water to #2. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  9. Carefully add a few drops of clear soda to #3. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  10. Carefully add nothing to #4. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  11. Carefully add a few drops baking soda to #5. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  12. Carefully add a few drops of distilled water from your beaker to #6. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  13. Carefully add a few drops of TAP water from the sink to #7. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  14. Carefully add a few drops of soap to #8. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  15. Carefully add a few drops of cooking oil to #8. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  16. Carefully add a few drops of vinegar to #9. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  17. Carefully add a few drops of sodium hydroxide to #10. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  18. Carefully add a few drops of lemon juice to #11. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  19. Carefully add a few drops of apple juice to #12. Enter the relevant data into your TABLE I.
  20. Answer the questions and list any other observations!
 
QUESTIONS:
  1.  A substance having a pH value between 1 and 5 is considered to be _________?  (Hint: acidic or basic)
  2. A substance having a pH value between 8 and 14 is considered to be _________?  (Hint: acidic or basic)
  3. The substance in red cabbage that changes color with changing pH values is called _________?
  4. A very acidic substance will turn the solution __________?  (Hint: what color)
  5. A neutral substance will turn the solution __________?  (Hint: what color)
  6. A very basic substance will turn the solution __________?  (Hint: what color)
  7. List your substances added in order or acidity below; from most acidic to least acidic:



  1. Were the different water sources the same color?  (Yes/No)
  2. Why do you think the water sources were or were not the same color?
 

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pH DATA TABLE

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