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      • Muscles - Intramuscular Injection Sites - WCU
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    • The Pregnant Body
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    • pH Lab
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    • Volcano Project
  • College/Life Skills
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    • MIDTERM 2 STUDY GUIDE
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    • ENVS 105 Home Page
      • Midterm 3 Study Guide Population Ecology
      • Ecology II - Communities and Ecosystems
      • Module 1 Assignments
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    • Inrtoduction to ENV SCI
    • Historical Perspective of ​Environmental Science
    • Biomes
    • FOOD CHAIN and FOOD WEB
    • Biogeochemical Recycling
    • Evolution - Our Beginning
    • Genetic Inheritance
    • Evolution: How Populations Change over Time
    • Symbiosis
    • Population Ecology
    • Competition in Nature
    • Herbivory
    • Niches
    • Fossil Fuels
  • Environmental Biology Laboratory
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • Ecological Roles of Living Organisms
      • The Basics
      • Bacteria - Ecological Roles
      • Protists - Ecological Roles
      • Fungus - Ecological Roles
      • Plantae and Animalia - Ecological Roles
    • Virtual FIELD TRIP TO THE RIO HONDO COLLEGE ​WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Adaptations to Dry Climates
    • Microscopic Plant Adaptations
    • Natural Selection
    • GROWTH CURVES
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • LC50 and LD50
    • How to Make a Solar Water Heater
    • WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
  • General Biology
    • Characteristics of Life
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Introduction to The Cell
    • Photosynthesis and cellular Respiration
    • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
    • The Cell Cycle
    • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis
    • The Structure of DNA
    • Evolution
  • General Biology Laboratory
    • GENERAL BIOLOGY 101 LABORATORY HOME PAGE
      • Enzymes
      • OSMOSIS LAB
      • Lab 1 - Bacteria, Protista and Fungi
      • Lab 2 - Plantae and Animalia
      • Photosynthesis
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      • Lab 7 - Membrane Transport
      • Lab 8 - Enzymes
      • Lab 9 - Photosynthesis
      • Lab 10 Fermentation, Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Associated Major Organ Systems
    • GENERAL BIO 1110L Labs
      • lab 2 - CELLS - BIO 111L
      • lab 3 - DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS - BIO 111L
      • lab 4 - The Circulatory System - BIO 111L
      • lab 6 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
      • lab 7 - Reproduction - BIO 111L
      • DNA, GENES AND GENETIC INHERITANCE
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      • lab 11 - ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
  • Human Biology
    • A History of Human Biology
    • Levels of Organization
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Cells
    • Cartilage SAC
    • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
  • Human Biology Lab
    • Testing for Sugar, Starch and Proteins
    • Osmosis, Diffusion and Filtration
    • buffers
    • OSMOSIS LAB
    • Anatomical Planes
    • Body Cavities and Membranes
    • Anatomical Positions
    • The Appendicular Skeleton
    • The SKULL
    • the Thoracic Cage
    • the vertebral column
  • Human Sexuality
    • Course Information
    • Course Calendar
    • Lesson 1 - Introduction to Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 2 - Genetic Inheritance of Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 3 - The Male Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 4 - The Female Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 5 - The Menstrual Cycle
    • Midterm Exam Study Guide
    • Lesson 6 - Fetal Development and Sexual Differentiation
    • Lesson 7 - Disorders of Sexual Development
    • Lesson 8 - Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction
    • Lesson 9 - Fetishism
    • Lesson 10 - Sexuality Throughout the World
    • ​Lesson 11 - Sexuality Through the Ages
    • Lesson 12 - Sexual Harassment, Coercion and Violence
    • Final Exam Study Guide
  • Microbiology PORTAL
    • Microbiology - CPP
      • ​Intro to Microorganisms
      • Diseases
      • EPIDEMIOLOGY
      • HOST DEFENSES
      • PATHOGENICITY
      • History of Microbiology
      • Levels of Organization cpp
      • Bacteria versus Archaea
      • Intro. to Bacteria
      • Viruses and Prions
      • Microbial Genetics
      • Microbial Nutrition and Growth
        • Nutritional Categories
        • Microbial Metabolism
        • CONTROL OF BACTERIA GROWTH AND ANTIBIOTICS
      • Eukaryotic Organisms
      • Archaeal Diversity
      • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
      • Bacteria vs Archaeal Structures
      • Taxonomic Classifications
      • Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotic Cells
      • MIC- CPP Course Calendar
    • Cell Theory
    • Chemistry of Life
      • Chemical Bonds
      • Chemical Reactions
    • Biofilms
    • Definition of Terms
  • Microbiology Laboratory
    • Cell Culture and Inoculations
    • aseptic technique
    • WET MOUNT
    • Streak Plate
    • Mannitol salt agar (MSA) Test
    • Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
    • Blood Agar
    • Dilution Series and Calculations
    • Phage Plaque Assay
    • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
    • Microbiology Lab -study guide exam one
    • Ex 2 - Microorganisms
    • EX 3 - aseptic technique
    • Ex 4 - Smear Prep
    • Ex 5 - Simple Stains
    • Ex 6 - Negative Staining
    • Ex 8 - Gram Stain
    • Ex 9 - Acid-Fast Stain
    • Ex 10 - Endospore Stain
    • Ex 11 - Motility Test
    • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
    • ex 13 - UV Radiation
    • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
    • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
    • ex 16 - Hand-washing
    • ex 17 - pH and microbial growth
    • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
    • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
  • HISTOTECHNOLOGY
  • The Brain
  • The Brain
  • The Structure of DNA
  • Contact
  • FUN ZONE
    • GAMES
    • Video Vault
    • Population Ecology - ACTIVITY
    • The Carbon Cycle - ACTIVITY
    • Evolution - ACTIVITY
    • The Cell Game
    • SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY
    • THE LORAX ACTIVITY
    • Brittney the Kidney
    • From Soup to Poop
    • MITOSIS - THE NURSERY RHYME
    • Verne the Sperm and friends
      • Verne the Sperm pg1
        • Verne the Sperm pg2
        • Verne the Sperm pg3
        • Verne the Sperm pg4
        • Verne the Sperm pg5
  • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
  • A History of Anatomy
  • List of Pages
    • Microscopes
  • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
  • Chemistry of Life
  • Muscle Movements
  • The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
  • The Muscles of the Limbs
  • Nervous Tissue
  • The Brain - Anat and Physiology
  • Instructions for Taking BIO 3070
  • MTH 121 Algebra A - Course Schedule and Info
  • Laboratory Calendar CMC Spring 2019
  • Genetics Lab
  • Chemistry and Conversions Lab
  • Digestion and Enzymes Lab
  • Endocrine and Homeostasis Lab
  • Muscles and Reflexes Lab
  • Sensory Lab
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Blood Lab
  • Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Electrocardiogram Lab
  • Respiratory Lab
  • Lab 11 Renal Lab
  • Blood Typing Game
  • Body Systems Interactive
  • Ch 9 - The Central Nervous System
  • Ch 10 - Sensory Systems
  • Neuron Virtual Laboratory
  • Virtual Eye Lab
  • Virtual pH Lab
  • Chemical Bonds Virtual Lab
  • Beer's Law Virtual Lab
  • Build-an-Atom Virtual Lab
  • Diffusion Virtual Lab
  • Ohm's Law Virtual Lab
  • New Page
  • Ch 8 - Nervous System

Chemistry Corner

Please make sure to perform any labs under the supervision of a knowledgeable adult and use all safety precautions and proper waste disposal! Be safe and have fun!


Ammonium Dichromate Volcano Lab

​Volcano Project 
Ammonium dichromate is sometimes referred to as Vesuvian Fire due to its use in the creation of these small volcano replicas.


​MUST USE CHEMICAL HOOD AND PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISION FROM A KNOWLEDGEABLE INSTRUCTOR!

GROUP ONE
– The decomposition reaction of (NH4)2Cr2O7 (solid) -> Cr2O3 (solid) + N2 (gas) + 4H2O (gas)
Instructions:
Make a “volcano” out of aluminum cans and aluminum foil.
Measure out 100 grams of ammonium dichromate in a weigh boat.
Pour a cone of the ammonium dichromate in the middle of the foil tray.
Insert a 6-inch length of Visco-fuse into the middle of the pile of orange crystals.

Observations:
What color(s) did you see if the flame? ________________________________
What color(s) did you observe in the ash? ______________________________
What did the lava look like? ________________________________________
 
GROUP TWO
– The combustion reaction of 2C + O2 -> 2CO and C + O2 -> CO2
Instructions:
Make a “volcano” out of aluminum cans and aluminum foil.
Measure out 75 grams of ammonium dichromate in a weigh boat.
Add 25 grams of 36-mesh charcoal to the ammonium chromate.
Mix well with stick without making contact with substance or spilling substance.
Pour a cone of the mixture in the middle of the foil tray.
Insert a 6-inch length of Visco-fuse into the middle of the pile of orange crystals.

Observations:
What color(s) did you see if the flame? ________________________________
What color(s) did you observe in the ash? ______________________________
What did the lava look like? ________________________________________
 
GROUP THREE – The combustion reaction of 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3
Instructions:
Make a “volcano” out of aluminum cans and aluminum foil.
Measure out 75 grams of ammonium dichromate in a weigh boat.
Add 25 grams of medium flake aluminum to the ammonium chromate.
Mix well with stick without making contact with substance or spilling substance.
Pour a cone of the mixture in the middle of the foil tray.
Insert a 6-inch length of Visco-fuse into the middle of the pile of orange crystals.

Observations:
What color(s) did you see if the flame? ________________________________
What color(s) did you observe in the ash? ______________________________
What did the lava look like? ________________________________________
 
 
‐reduction (aka REDOX) reactions are some of the most important chemical reactions. They produce energy by the passing of one or more electrons from one species to another.                         OXIDIZED – lost electron(s)                          REDUCED – stole electron(s)

 Ammonium dichromate's formula is (NH4)2Cr2O7.
When it burns, it decomposes according to the following equation:
(NH4)2Cr2O7 (solid) -> Cr2O3 (solid) + N2 (gas) + 4H2O (gas)

If you burn aluminum in oxygen you will form the oxide.  The chemical formula for aluminum oxide is: Al2O3. The balanced chemical equation is
4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3
 
Charcoal is mostly carbon. When it burns, two reactions will possibly happen: 

2C + O2 -> 2CO This is incomplete combustion, in which carbon monoxide is formed. 

C + O2 -> CO2 This is complete combustion and when burning with an excess of oxygen in an open space is the more likely reaction. Both reactions will probably happen but it is likely more CO2 than CO will be formed.
 
Questions (HINT: read!)
Ammonium Dichromate has the chemical formula, (NH4)2Cr2O7.
  1. What is the chemical formula for ammonium?
  2. What is the chemical formula for dichromate?
  3. How many nitrogen atoms are in ammonium dichromate?
  4. How many hydrogen atoms are in ammonium dichromate?
  5. How many chromium atoms are in ammonium dichromate?
  6. How many oxygen atoms are in ammonium dichromate?
  7. How many atoms altogether are there is ammonium dichromate?

Everything that goes into a reaction MUST come out the other side. Chemical equations show chemical reactions as reactants à products.
     8. Write the full chemical equation for the reaction from group one.____________________________________________________________________
     9. Write the full chemical equation for the reaction from group two. _____________________________________________________________________
  10. Write the full chemical equation for the reaction from group three. _____________________________________________________________________
 
We measured out 100g of (NH4)2Cr2O7. We want to find how many molecules of (NH4)2Cr2O7 we had in our experiments. Using the atomic mass of an element and multiplying it by the conversion factor grams per mole (g/mol), you can calculate the molar mass of that element and the molecular weight!
 
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1. Calculate the number of moles in 31.4 g of Fe. (HINT: The nice thing about the timeline is that we can see where we are starting (step                          #1), see where we are going (step #2), and find the appropriate conversion factors to get from step #1 to step #2 (step #3)) 
 
 
 
 
 

2. Calculate the number of moles in 5.0 x 108 atoms of 14C. (HINT: So, if we look at our timeline, we are starting on the right-hand side (atoms)                    and we want to get to the middle (moles). The conversion factor that allows us to do this is Avogadro's Number.) 
 
 
 
 
 

3. Calculate the mass (in grams) of 1.0 x 1032 molecules of water, H2O. (HINTY: if we look at our timeline, we are starting on the right-                           hand side (molecules) and we want to get to the left-hand side (mass). Now, we will need two conversion factors. The first                                   conversion factor, Avogadro's Number, will convert molecules to moles. Then we need the conversion factor between moles and                   mass which is molar mass.

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