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    • Portal to the Skeletal system
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      • the Thoracic Cage
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      • The Appendicular Skeleton
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      • joints
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      • Muscles - Intramuscular Injection Sites - WCU
      • Muscles of the Body - Review
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    • dissection of the fetal pig
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  • Chemistry
    • pH Lab
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    • Volcano Project
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  • Environmental Science
    • MIDTERM 2 STUDY GUIDE
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    • ENVS 105 Home Page
      • Midterm 3 Study Guide Population Ecology
      • Ecology II - Communities and Ecosystems
      • Module 1 Assignments
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    • Inrtoduction to ENV SCI
    • Historical Perspective of ​Environmental Science
    • Biomes
    • FOOD CHAIN and FOOD WEB
    • Biogeochemical Recycling
    • Evolution - Our Beginning
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    • Evolution: How Populations Change over Time
    • Symbiosis
    • Population Ecology
    • Competition in Nature
    • Herbivory
    • Niches
    • Fossil Fuels
  • Environmental Biology Laboratory
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • Ecological Roles of Living Organisms
      • The Basics
      • Bacteria - Ecological Roles
      • Protists - Ecological Roles
      • Fungus - Ecological Roles
      • Plantae and Animalia - Ecological Roles
    • Virtual FIELD TRIP TO THE RIO HONDO COLLEGE ​WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Adaptations to Dry Climates
    • Microscopic Plant Adaptations
    • Natural Selection
    • GROWTH CURVES
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • LC50 and LD50
    • How to Make a Solar Water Heater
    • WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
  • General Biology
    • Characteristics of Life
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Introduction to The Cell
    • Photosynthesis and cellular Respiration
    • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
    • The Cell Cycle
    • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis
    • The Structure of DNA
    • Evolution
  • General Biology Laboratory
    • GENERAL BIOLOGY 101 LABORATORY HOME PAGE
      • Enzymes
      • OSMOSIS LAB
      • Lab 1 - Bacteria, Protista and Fungi
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      • Photosynthesis
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      • Lab 8 - Enzymes
      • Lab 9 - Photosynthesis
      • Lab 10 Fermentation, Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Associated Major Organ Systems
    • GENERAL BIO 1110L Labs
      • lab 2 - CELLS - BIO 111L
      • lab 3 - DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS - BIO 111L
      • lab 4 - The Circulatory System - BIO 111L
      • lab 6 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
      • lab 7 - Reproduction - BIO 111L
      • DNA, GENES AND GENETIC INHERITANCE
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      • lab 10 - ADAPTATIONS - BIO 111L
      • lab 11 - ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
  • Human Biology
    • A History of Human Biology
    • Levels of Organization
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Cells
    • Cartilage SAC
    • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
  • Human Biology Lab
    • Testing for Sugar, Starch and Proteins
    • Osmosis, Diffusion and Filtration
    • buffers
    • OSMOSIS LAB
    • Anatomical Planes
    • Body Cavities and Membranes
    • Anatomical Positions
    • The Appendicular Skeleton
    • The SKULL
    • the Thoracic Cage
    • the vertebral column
  • Human Sexuality
    • Course Information
    • Course Calendar
    • Lesson 1 - Introduction to Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 2 - Genetic Inheritance of Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 3 - The Male Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 4 - The Female Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 5 - The Menstrual Cycle
    • Midterm Exam Study Guide
    • Lesson 6 - Fetal Development and Sexual Differentiation
    • Lesson 7 - Disorders of Sexual Development
    • Lesson 8 - Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction
    • Lesson 9 - Fetishism
    • Lesson 10 - Sexuality Throughout the World
    • ​Lesson 11 - Sexuality Through the Ages
    • Lesson 12 - Sexual Harassment, Coercion and Violence
    • Final Exam Study Guide
  • Microbiology PORTAL
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      • ​Intro to Microorganisms
      • Diseases
      • EPIDEMIOLOGY
      • HOST DEFENSES
      • PATHOGENICITY
      • History of Microbiology
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      • Bacteria versus Archaea
      • Intro. to Bacteria
      • Viruses and Prions
      • Microbial Genetics
      • Microbial Nutrition and Growth
        • Nutritional Categories
        • Microbial Metabolism
        • CONTROL OF BACTERIA GROWTH AND ANTIBIOTICS
      • Eukaryotic Organisms
      • Archaeal Diversity
      • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
      • Bacteria vs Archaeal Structures
      • Taxonomic Classifications
      • Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotic Cells
      • MIC- CPP Course Calendar
    • Cell Theory
    • Chemistry of Life
      • Chemical Bonds
      • Chemical Reactions
    • Biofilms
    • Definition of Terms
  • Microbiology Laboratory
    • Cell Culture and Inoculations
    • aseptic technique
    • WET MOUNT
    • Streak Plate
    • Mannitol salt agar (MSA) Test
    • Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
    • Blood Agar
    • Dilution Series and Calculations
    • Phage Plaque Assay
    • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
    • Microbiology Lab -study guide exam one
    • Ex 2 - Microorganisms
    • EX 3 - aseptic technique
    • Ex 4 - Smear Prep
    • Ex 5 - Simple Stains
    • Ex 6 - Negative Staining
    • Ex 8 - Gram Stain
    • Ex 9 - Acid-Fast Stain
    • Ex 10 - Endospore Stain
    • Ex 11 - Motility Test
    • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
    • ex 13 - UV Radiation
    • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
    • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
    • ex 16 - Hand-washing
    • ex 17 - pH and microbial growth
    • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
    • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
  • HISTOTECHNOLOGY
  • The Brain
  • The Brain
  • The Structure of DNA
  • Contact
  • FUN ZONE
    • GAMES
    • Video Vault
    • Population Ecology - ACTIVITY
    • The Carbon Cycle - ACTIVITY
    • Evolution - ACTIVITY
    • The Cell Game
    • SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY
    • THE LORAX ACTIVITY
    • Brittney the Kidney
    • From Soup to Poop
    • MITOSIS - THE NURSERY RHYME
    • Verne the Sperm and friends
      • Verne the Sperm pg1
        • Verne the Sperm pg2
        • Verne the Sperm pg3
        • Verne the Sperm pg4
        • Verne the Sperm pg5
  • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
  • A History of Anatomy
  • List of Pages
    • Microscopes
  • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
  • Chemistry of Life
  • Muscle Movements
  • The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
  • The Muscles of the Limbs
  • Nervous Tissue
  • The Brain - Anat and Physiology
  • Instructions for Taking BIO 3070
  • MTH 121 Algebra A - Course Schedule and Info
  • Laboratory Calendar CMC Spring 2019
  • Genetics Lab
  • Chemistry and Conversions Lab
  • Digestion and Enzymes Lab
  • Endocrine and Homeostasis Lab
  • Muscles and Reflexes Lab
  • Sensory Lab
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Blood Lab
  • Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Electrocardiogram Lab
  • Respiratory Lab
  • Lab 11 Renal Lab
  • Blood Typing Game
  • Body Systems Interactive
  • Ch 9 - The Central Nervous System
  • Ch 10 - Sensory Systems
  • Neuron Virtual Laboratory
  • Virtual Eye Lab
  • Virtual pH Lab
  • Chemical Bonds Virtual Lab
  • Beer's Law Virtual Lab
  • Build-an-Atom Virtual Lab
  • Diffusion Virtual Lab
  • Ohm's Law Virtual Lab
  • New Page
  • Ch 8 - Nervous System

Body Cavities and Membranes

     What Do We Mean By "Body Cavity"?

   Before we begin our discussion of body cavities and membranes, it is important to know what a cavity is in the first place! (These are not the cavities in your teeth that you dread getting filled by your friendly neighborhood dentist.)

 In anatomy you learn that the human body is, in a sense, a glorified tube. ( I can almost hear you GASP!  ) OK, a tube is an over simplification, but the premise holds true. The inside and the outside of your tube  is covered with epithelial tissue. This tube  has some specialized regions that are made up of concave regions (also lined with epithelium) that are connected to the outside. You also have fluid-filled chambers inside of your body that is NOT connected to the outside. All of these regions are considered CAVITIES. The definition of a body cavity - a body cavity is considered to be any fluid-filled space in the body, other than vessels (blood and lymph).  ​
The human body has 2 main body cavities.
​
They are called the dorsal (or posterior) cavity and a ventral (or anterior) cavity (see illustration).

BACK

FRONT

The Dorsal (or Posterior) Cavity 
  1.   The Cranial Cavity
  2.   The Vertebral (or Spinal) Cavity 
The Ventral (or Anterior) Cavity
  1.   The Thoracic Cavity
  2.   The Abdominopelvic Cavity 
Picture
IMAGE:  By NCI (original) / Mysid (SVG) - Vectorized by Mysid in Inkscape, based on http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit1_3_terminology3_cavities.html. Image renamed from File:Body cavities.svg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5678872 

The Dorsal Cavity

The dorsal cavity consists of the cranial cavity that houses the brain and the vertebral (or spinal) cavity which contains the spinal cord.

    There is no physical separation between the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity. This cavity is a continuous chamber filled with cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. "
Cerebro-" means "brain" and "spinal" means "of the spine", so the liquid cerebrospinal fluid is named after what it essentially bathes, which is the brain and spine.

The Ventral Cavity

The ventral (or anterior) cavity contains the body's visceral organs. The visceral organs are your body's internal organs, including the heart, the lungs, the liver, the pancreas and the intestines.

   The ventral cavity of the human body is divided into two main regions; the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity, each of which have additional subdivisions.
​
​    The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by the diaphragm.
Picture

​Subdivisions of the Thoracic Cavity

Picture
The Thoracic Cavity
The thoracic cavity is separated into three chambers; the left and right pleural cavities and the mediastinum. The thoracic cavity is the cavity of the chest area. This cavity lies underneath the rib cage and houses many important organs and structures of cardiovascular, respiratory  and lymphatic systems. The two arguably most notable organs of the thoracic cavity are the heart and the lungs.
​
The Pleural Cavity
The left lung is in the left portion of the pleural cavity and the right lung is in the right portion of the pleural cavity.

The Mediastinum Cavity
The space between the 2 pleural cavities is the mediastinum, which holds the pericardial cavity which contains the heart (see illustration). 

Subdivisions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity


​The Abdominopelvic Cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into 2 areas; the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity. 
​


​​​The Abdominal Cavity
The abdominal cavity contains digestive organs., including the stomach, the liver, the kidneys, the small intestines, etc.  
​
​​The Pelvic Cavity
The pelvic cavity contains the internal reproductive organs, the urinary bladder and the rectum.
Picture

Other Body Cavities

​There are other body cavities in addition to the dorsal and ventral cavities. These other cavities, however, are accessible from the outside of the body.
This includes the oral cavity, the nasal cavity and the orbital cavity. The word ​oral ​means "of the mouth". ​
​The Oral Cavity
Picture
By Duncan Kenneth Winter - originally posted to Flickr as 65-5390-1 by Otis Historical Archives Nat'l Museum of Health & Medicine. See Wired article for more information., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6266235

The Nasal Cavity
Picture
By Henry Vandyke Carter - Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body (See "Book" section below)Bartleby.com: Gray's Anatomy, Plate 855, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=566789
​The Orbital Cavity
Picture
By Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator - Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1485875

Membranes

 It is important to also know about the membranes that line the body's cavities, as well. The body's cavities are lined with a specialized membrane, called the ​serous membrane (serosa). ​The serous membrane supplies the cavity with ​a constant supply of ​serous fluid ​​that is secretes. ​
Picture
The serous membrane (serosa) is a thin membrane that covers the walls and organs of the ventral cavity (which is made up of the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity). The portion of the serous membrane that covers the walls of the cavity is called the ​parietal serosa. ​The definition of the word parietal ​is "of, relating to, attached to, or denoting the wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure" according to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parietal).​ The portion of the serous membrane that covers the internal organs (or viscera) ​is referred to as the visceral serosa.

Some areas of the serous membrane (serosa) have special names. For example, the serosa of the pericardial cavity that houses the heart is called the pericardial membrane,  and the serosa that lines the peritoneal cavity that surrounds most of the organs of the abdomen, is called the peritoneum.




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