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    • Anatomy Basics
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      • mitosis
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      • Muscles - Intramuscular Injection Sites - WCU
      • Muscles of the Body - Review
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      • Introduction to the Nervous System
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      • Intro to the Circulatory System
      • THE HEART
      • HEART DISSECTION PHOTO GALLERY
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    • dissection of the fetal pig
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    • Homeostasis - Physio
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    • Portal to the Skeletal system
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    • Case Study One
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      • The Epidermis
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    • Course Calendar - BIO 3070
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    • Evolution of Human Pregnancy
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    • Myths of Pregnancy and Fertility
    • Female Reproductive System
    • The Menstrual Cycle
    • The Male Reproductive System and Male Contraception
    • Fertility and Conception
    • In-Vitro Fertilization
    • Infertility
    • Genetics of Reproduction
    • Prenatal and Maternity Care
    • The Pregnant Body
    • fetal development
    • Development of the Nervous System
    • Stages of Labor
    • Postpartum Issues
    • Twins
  • Chemistry
    • pH Lab
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
      • VOLCANO LAB
    • Volcano Project
  • College/Life Skills
    • Online Professionalism
    • Advising Resources
    • INTERVIEW SKILLS AND RESUME WRITING
    • DIVERSITY
    • CAMPUS EVENTS
      • Predation
    • Time Management
  • Environmental Science
    • MIDTERM 2 STUDY GUIDE
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    • ENVS 105 Home Page
      • Midterm 3 Study Guide Population Ecology
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      • Module 1 Assignments
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    • Inrtoduction to ENV SCI
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    • Biomes
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  • Environmental Biology Laboratory
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • Ecological Roles of Living Organisms
      • The Basics
      • Bacteria - Ecological Roles
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      • Fungus - Ecological Roles
      • Plantae and Animalia - Ecological Roles
    • Virtual FIELD TRIP TO THE RIO HONDO COLLEGE ​WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Adaptations to Dry Climates
    • Microscopic Plant Adaptations
    • Natural Selection
    • GROWTH CURVES
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • LC50 and LD50
    • How to Make a Solar Water Heater
    • WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
  • General Biology
    • Characteristics of Life
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Introduction to The Cell
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    • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
    • The Cell Cycle
    • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis
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  • General Biology Laboratory
    • GENERAL BIOLOGY 101 LABORATORY HOME PAGE
      • Enzymes
      • OSMOSIS LAB
      • Lab 1 - Bacteria, Protista and Fungi
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      • Photosynthesis
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      • Lab 10 Fermentation, Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Associated Major Organ Systems
    • GENERAL BIO 1110L Labs
      • lab 2 - CELLS - BIO 111L
      • lab 3 - DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS - BIO 111L
      • lab 4 - The Circulatory System - BIO 111L
      • lab 6 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
      • lab 7 - Reproduction - BIO 111L
      • DNA, GENES AND GENETIC INHERITANCE
      • lab 9 - GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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      • lab 11 - ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
  • Human Biology
    • A History of Human Biology
    • Levels of Organization
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Cells
    • Cartilage SAC
    • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
  • Human Biology Lab
    • Testing for Sugar, Starch and Proteins
    • Osmosis, Diffusion and Filtration
    • buffers
    • OSMOSIS LAB
    • Anatomical Planes
    • Body Cavities and Membranes
    • Anatomical Positions
    • The Appendicular Skeleton
    • The SKULL
    • the Thoracic Cage
    • the vertebral column
  • Human Sexuality
    • Course Information
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    • Lesson 1 - Introduction to Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 2 - Genetic Inheritance of Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 3 - The Male Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 4 - The Female Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 5 - The Menstrual Cycle
    • Midterm Exam Study Guide
    • Lesson 6 - Fetal Development and Sexual Differentiation
    • Lesson 7 - Disorders of Sexual Development
    • Lesson 8 - Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction
    • Lesson 9 - Fetishism
    • Lesson 10 - Sexuality Throughout the World
    • ​Lesson 11 - Sexuality Through the Ages
    • Lesson 12 - Sexual Harassment, Coercion and Violence
    • Final Exam Study Guide
  • Microbiology PORTAL
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      • MIC- CPP Course Calendar
    • Cell Theory
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    • WET MOUNT
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    • Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
    • Blood Agar
    • Dilution Series and Calculations
    • Phage Plaque Assay
    • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
    • Microbiology Lab -study guide exam one
    • Ex 2 - Microorganisms
    • EX 3 - aseptic technique
    • Ex 4 - Smear Prep
    • Ex 5 - Simple Stains
    • Ex 6 - Negative Staining
    • Ex 8 - Gram Stain
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    • Ex 10 - Endospore Stain
    • Ex 11 - Motility Test
    • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
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    • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
    • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
    • ex 16 - Hand-washing
    • ex 17 - pH and microbial growth
    • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
    • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
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    • Brittney the Kidney
    • From Soup to Poop
    • MITOSIS - THE NURSERY RHYME
    • Verne the Sperm and friends
      • Verne the Sperm pg1
        • Verne the Sperm pg2
        • Verne the Sperm pg3
        • Verne the Sperm pg4
        • Verne the Sperm pg5
  • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
  • A History of Anatomy
  • List of Pages
    • Microscopes
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  • Chemistry of Life
  • Muscle Movements
  • The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
  • The Muscles of the Limbs
  • Nervous Tissue
  • The Brain - Anat and Physiology
  • Instructions for Taking BIO 3070
  • MTH 121 Algebra A - Course Schedule and Info
  • Laboratory Calendar CMC Spring 2019
  • Genetics Lab
  • Chemistry and Conversions Lab
  • Digestion and Enzymes Lab
  • Endocrine and Homeostasis Lab
  • Muscles and Reflexes Lab
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  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Blood Lab
  • Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Electrocardiogram Lab
  • Respiratory Lab
  • Lab 11 Renal Lab
  • Blood Typing Game
  • Body Systems Interactive
  • Ch 9 - The Central Nervous System
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  • Neuron Virtual Laboratory
  • Virtual Eye Lab
  • Virtual pH Lab
  • Chemical Bonds Virtual Lab
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  • Anatomy
    • Anatomy - CMC Home Page
      • Practical Exam #2 REDEMPTION EXAM!
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    • Anatomy Basics
      • Intro to Anatomy
      • Medical Terminology
      • A History of Anatomy
      • Levels of Organization
      • Anatomical Positions
      • Anatomical Planes
      • Anatomical Regions
      • Body Cavities and Membranes
    • Cells Portal
      • Anatomy of the Cell SAC
      • Membrane Transport
      • The Cell Cycle
      • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
      • BLOOD CELLS
      • mitosis
    • Tissues Portal SAC
      • The Integumentary System
      • Epithelial Tissues
      • Connective Tissue
      • Muscle Tissue
      • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
      • Cartilage SAC
    • Organ Systems
    • Portal to the Skeletal system
      • The SKULL ANATOMY
      • the Thoracic Cage
      • the vertebral column
      • The Appendicular Skeleton
      • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
      • joints
    • The Muscular System Portal
      • Muscle Tissue
      • Muscles - Intramuscular Injection Sites - WCU
      • Muscles of the Body - Review
    • The Nervous System
      • Introduction to the Nervous System
      • Nervous Tissue
      • The Brain - Anat
      • The Ear - Sensory Organs
      • The Eye - Sensory Organs
    • THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
    • The Renal System
    • The Respiratory System
    • THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PORTAL
      • Intro to the Circulatory System
      • THE HEART
      • HEART DISSECTION PHOTO GALLERY
      • THE VESSELS OF BLOOD CIRCULATION
    • Digestive System
    • Animal Dissection (Virtual)
    • dissection of the fetal pig
  • Physiology
    • Homeostasis - Physio
    • Chemical Reactions - Physio
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic - Physio
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC - Physio
    • Chemical Bonds - Physio
    • Metabolism - Physio
    • Portal to the Skeletal system
    • Endocrine and Homeostasis physio
    • Muscle Physiology
    • Blood
    • Cardiovascular System
    • Lymphatic System
    • Respiratory System Physiology
    • Renal System
    • Digestive System
    • Reproductive System
  • CMC Physiology Lab
    • Lab 1 - Surface Area to Volume Ratios
    • Lab 2 - Osmosis
    • Lab 4 - Heart Rate and Barometers
    • Lab 5 - Virtual Neuron Lab
    • Case Study One
  • Anat & Physio
    • The Muscular System Portal
    • The Integumentary System a&p
      • The Epidermis
      • The Dermis
      • The Epidermis rio
      • Connective Tissue
  • Biology of Human Pregnancy
    • Course Calendar - BIO 3070
    • Bio of Pregnancy - SYLLABUS
    • Course Information
    • Evolution of Human Pregnancy
    • History of Human Pregnancy
    • Myths of Pregnancy and Fertility
    • Female Reproductive System
    • The Menstrual Cycle
    • The Male Reproductive System and Male Contraception
    • Fertility and Conception
    • In-Vitro Fertilization
    • Infertility
    • Genetics of Reproduction
    • Prenatal and Maternity Care
    • The Pregnant Body
    • fetal development
    • Development of the Nervous System
    • Stages of Labor
    • Postpartum Issues
    • Twins
  • Chemistry
    • pH Lab
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
      • VOLCANO LAB
    • Volcano Project
  • College/Life Skills
    • Online Professionalism
    • Advising Resources
    • INTERVIEW SKILLS AND RESUME WRITING
    • DIVERSITY
    • CAMPUS EVENTS
      • Predation
    • Time Management
  • Environmental Science
    • MIDTERM 2 STUDY GUIDE
    • Exam 2 Study Guide
    • ENVS 105 Home Page
      • Midterm 3 Study Guide Population Ecology
      • Ecology II - Communities and Ecosystems
      • Module 1 Assignments
      • Module 2 Assignments
    • Inrtoduction to ENV SCI
    • Historical Perspective of ​Environmental Science
    • Biomes
    • FOOD CHAIN and FOOD WEB
    • Biogeochemical Recycling
    • Evolution - Our Beginning
    • Genetic Inheritance
    • Evolution: How Populations Change over Time
    • Symbiosis
    • Population Ecology
    • Competition in Nature
    • Herbivory
    • Niches
    • Fossil Fuels
  • Environmental Biology Laboratory
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • Ecological Roles of Living Organisms
      • The Basics
      • Bacteria - Ecological Roles
      • Protists - Ecological Roles
      • Fungus - Ecological Roles
      • Plantae and Animalia - Ecological Roles
    • Virtual FIELD TRIP TO THE RIO HONDO COLLEGE ​WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Adaptations to Dry Climates
    • Microscopic Plant Adaptations
    • Natural Selection
    • GROWTH CURVES
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • LC50 and LD50
    • How to Make a Solar Water Heater
    • WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
  • General Biology
    • Characteristics of Life
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Introduction to The Cell
    • Photosynthesis and cellular Respiration
    • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
    • The Cell Cycle
    • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis
    • The Structure of DNA
    • Evolution
  • General Biology Laboratory
    • GENERAL BIOLOGY 101 LABORATORY HOME PAGE
      • Enzymes
      • OSMOSIS LAB
      • Lab 1 - Bacteria, Protista and Fungi
      • Lab 2 - Plantae and Animalia
      • Photosynthesis
      • Lab 5 - Introduction to Cells
      • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
      • Lab 7 - Membrane Transport
      • Lab 8 - Enzymes
      • Lab 9 - Photosynthesis
      • Lab 10 Fermentation, Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Associated Major Organ Systems
    • GENERAL BIO 1110L Labs
      • lab 2 - CELLS - BIO 111L
      • lab 3 - DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS - BIO 111L
      • lab 4 - The Circulatory System - BIO 111L
      • lab 6 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
      • lab 7 - Reproduction - BIO 111L
      • DNA, GENES AND GENETIC INHERITANCE
      • lab 9 - GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
      • lab 10 - ADAPTATIONS - BIO 111L
      • lab 11 - ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
  • Human Biology
    • A History of Human Biology
    • Levels of Organization
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • Cells
    • Cartilage SAC
    • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
  • Human Biology Lab
    • Testing for Sugar, Starch and Proteins
    • Osmosis, Diffusion and Filtration
    • buffers
    • OSMOSIS LAB
    • Anatomical Planes
    • Body Cavities and Membranes
    • Anatomical Positions
    • The Appendicular Skeleton
    • The SKULL
    • the Thoracic Cage
    • the vertebral column
  • Human Sexuality
    • Course Information
    • Course Calendar
    • Lesson 1 - Introduction to Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 2 - Genetic Inheritance of Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 3 - The Male Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 4 - The Female Reproductive Tract
    • Lesson 5 - The Menstrual Cycle
    • Midterm Exam Study Guide
    • Lesson 6 - Fetal Development and Sexual Differentiation
    • Lesson 7 - Disorders of Sexual Development
    • Lesson 8 - Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction
    • Lesson 9 - Fetishism
    • Lesson 10 - Sexuality Throughout the World
    • ​Lesson 11 - Sexuality Through the Ages
    • Lesson 12 - Sexual Harassment, Coercion and Violence
    • Final Exam Study Guide
  • Microbiology PORTAL
    • Microbiology - CPP
      • ​Intro to Microorganisms
      • Diseases
      • EPIDEMIOLOGY
      • HOST DEFENSES
      • PATHOGENICITY
      • History of Microbiology
      • Levels of Organization cpp
      • Bacteria versus Archaea
      • Intro. to Bacteria
      • Viruses and Prions
      • Microbial Genetics
      • Microbial Nutrition and Growth
        • Nutritional Categories
        • Microbial Metabolism
        • CONTROL OF BACTERIA GROWTH AND ANTIBIOTICS
      • Eukaryotic Organisms
      • Archaeal Diversity
      • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
      • Bacteria vs Archaeal Structures
      • Taxonomic Classifications
      • Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotic Cells
      • MIC- CPP Course Calendar
    • Cell Theory
    • Chemistry of Life
      • Chemical Bonds
      • Chemical Reactions
    • Biofilms
    • Definition of Terms
  • Microbiology Laboratory
    • Cell Culture and Inoculations
    • aseptic technique
    • WET MOUNT
    • Streak Plate
    • Mannitol salt agar (MSA) Test
    • Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
    • Blood Agar
    • Dilution Series and Calculations
    • Phage Plaque Assay
    • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
    • Microbiology Lab -study guide exam one
    • Ex 2 - Microorganisms
    • EX 3 - aseptic technique
    • Ex 4 - Smear Prep
    • Ex 5 - Simple Stains
    • Ex 6 - Negative Staining
    • Ex 8 - Gram Stain
    • Ex 9 - Acid-Fast Stain
    • Ex 10 - Endospore Stain
    • Ex 11 - Motility Test
    • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
    • ex 13 - UV Radiation
    • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
    • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
    • ex 16 - Hand-washing
    • ex 17 - pH and microbial growth
    • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
    • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
  • HISTOTECHNOLOGY
  • The Brain
  • The Brain
  • The Structure of DNA
  • Contact
  • FUN ZONE
    • GAMES
    • Video Vault
    • Population Ecology - ACTIVITY
    • The Carbon Cycle - ACTIVITY
    • Evolution - ACTIVITY
    • The Cell Game
    • SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY
    • THE LORAX ACTIVITY
    • Brittney the Kidney
    • From Soup to Poop
    • MITOSIS - THE NURSERY RHYME
    • Verne the Sperm and friends
      • Verne the Sperm pg1
        • Verne the Sperm pg2
        • Verne the Sperm pg3
        • Verne the Sperm pg4
        • Verne the Sperm pg5
  • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
  • A History of Anatomy
  • List of Pages
    • Microscopes
  • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
  • Chemistry of Life
  • Muscle Movements
  • The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
  • The Muscles of the Limbs
  • Nervous Tissue
  • The Brain - Anat and Physiology
  • Instructions for Taking BIO 3070
  • MTH 121 Algebra A - Course Schedule and Info
  • Laboratory Calendar CMC Spring 2019
  • Genetics Lab
  • Chemistry and Conversions Lab
  • Digestion and Enzymes Lab
  • Endocrine and Homeostasis Lab
  • Muscles and Reflexes Lab
  • Sensory Lab
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Blood Lab
  • Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Electrocardiogram Lab
  • Respiratory Lab
  • Lab 11 Renal Lab
  • Blood Typing Game
  • Body Systems Interactive
  • Ch 9 - The Central Nervous System
  • Ch 10 - Sensory Systems
  • Neuron Virtual Laboratory
  • Virtual Eye Lab
  • Virtual pH Lab
  • Chemical Bonds Virtual Lab
  • Beer's Law Virtual Lab
  • Build-an-Atom Virtual Lab
  • Diffusion Virtual Lab
  • Ohm's Law Virtual Lab
  • New Page
  • Ch 8 - Nervous System

​The Muscles of the Limbs

The Muscles of the Limbs

Muscle Tissues
The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
The MuscULAR SYSTEM PORTAL
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​Muscles of anterior arm showing the flexor carpi ulnaris in the orientation of the body and in the orientation of the counter top display.
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​Muscles of anterior arm showing the brachioradialis in the orientation of the body (below) and orientation on counter top.
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The muscles of the brachial region span the elbow joint. The muscle of the brachial region have their origin in the brachial region (upper arm area) and attach to the antebrachial region (lower arm area) on the forearm bones (radius and ulna). 
The POSTERIOR brachial muscles function to EXTEND the elbow. 
THE ANTERIOR brachial muscles function to FLEX the elbow. 


The Biceps Brachii
Function = Flexion of forearm
   The biceps brachii is a "two-headed" fusiform muscle. The biceps brachii functions to flex the forearm and to supinates it.  This muscle cannot flex the forearm without also supinating it, so it is ineffective when one lifts a heavy object with a pronated hand that must stay pronated. (This is why doing chin-ups with palms facing anteriorly is harder than with palms facing posteriorly.)
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By CFCF - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44309314
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The Brachioradialis
Function = Flexes forearm at the elbow
​   The brachioradialis is a weak flexor muscle of the forearm that functions to flex the forearm at the elbow.
It is the s
uperficial muscle that lies mostly in the forearm.
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   The brachioradialis lies at the radial side of the proximal antebrachial region. On the anatomical model, this muscle is found by following the lateral most nerve (yellow) at the elbow region. 
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The Triceps gets its name from the fact that it has three "heads";


KEY - 
Long head (RED)
Lateral head (YELLOW) 

Medial head (GREEN)
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Animated GIF By Anatomography - en:Anatomography
(setting page of this image), CC BY-SA 2.1 jp, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27447210

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Triceps Brachii
Function = Main extensor of forearm
  ​ The main extensor (prime mover) of the forearm is the triceps brachii. The triceps brachii function to extend the arm, which increases the angle between the upper and lower arm. As the arm extends, the elbow straightens. The triceps brachii is the antagonist of the flexors of the forearm.

Posterior View of the Arm

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Pronator Teres
Function = Pronation of forearms and hands
The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that assists in the pronation of the forearm. The pronator teres muscle is located on the anterior portion of the forearm just below the antecubital region (inner elbow area). 
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Function = Flexes and adducts wrist/hand
    The extensor carpi ulnaris is a skeletal muscle located on the "ulnar side" of the forearm (this is the portion of the arm that is "under" the radius when you do a "thumb up"). It is visible on the posterior aspect of the forearm. It acts to extend and adduct at the carpus/wrist from anatomical position. Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm. 
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All flexors of the wrist will be located at the inner forearm. 
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Extensor Digitorium
Function = Extends wrist and medial digits (phalanges)
   
​All wrist extensors are located on the back of the forearm.
​    The 
extensor digitorum muscle is located at the posterior forearm.  It extends the medial four digits of the hand, the wrist, and the elbow. It tends to separate the fingers as it extends them.
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​  The extensor digitorum acts principally on the proximal phalanges.
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Function =  flexion and adduction the hand
The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle is a muscle located on the posterior aspect of the forearm that functions to flex and adduct the hand.
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Extensor Digitorium Superficialis
Function = Flexes hand and middle phalanges. 
Flexes hand and middle phalanges. This flexor muscle is the important for speed and flexion against resistance.
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Muscles of the Legs

Supporting, balancing, and propelling the body is the work of the muscular system of the legs and feet. From the large, strong muscles of the buttocks and legs to the tiny, fine muscles of the feet and toes, these muscles can exert tremendous power while constantly making small adjustments for balance – whether the body is at rest or in motion.

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lateral leg muscles
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anterior leg muscles
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Medial Leg Muscles
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Posterior Leg Muscles
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Iliacus Muscles

Function = flexes the thigh (femur) at the hip, adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh.
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     The iliacus muscle originates at the illium, which is located on the inside of the hip (coxal) bones (at the anterior aspect). The function of the iliacus muscles are to lifting (flex) the femur forward. The iliacus muscle is part of the Iliopsoas which is the prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk (as when bowing).
   The hip is a ball-and-socket joint that permits flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, and rotation of the thigh. The muscles that flex the thigh at the hip originate from the vertebral column and pelvis and pass anterior to (in front of ) the hip joint. These muscles include the illiacus muscles and the rectus femoris. 

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Animated GIF ​By Anatomography - en:Anatomography (setting page of this image), CC BY-SA 2.1 jp, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27547285


GLUTEAL MUSCLES

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CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=545381
Each of these muscles originate at the ilium and the sacrum and insert at the femur. The gluteal muscles allow for the extension of the thigh (femur) and abduction of the thigh (femur), as well as the external rotation and internal rotation of the hip joint.
   The muscles of the buttocks (gluteal muscles) include.
​
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. gluteus medius 
  3. gluteus minimus
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Gluteus Maximus

    The thigh extensors arise posterior to the hip joint and include the gluteus maximus and hamstrings. It is the largest and most superficial of gluteus muscles.  This muscle forms most of the mass of the buttocks.  The gluteus maximus is the main extensor of thigh. It functions to assist in stair climbing and is able to laterally rotate and adduct the thigh. 
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Gluteus Medius

    A portion of the gluteus medius lies superior to gluteus maximus. The inferior portion of the gluteus medius lies underneath (deep to)  the gluteus maximus.  The gluteus medius is one of the three gluteal muscles which lie on the outer portion of the pelvis at the posterior aspect. 
By Anatomography - en:Anatomography (setting page of this image), CC BY-SA 2.1 jp, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27657573
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Hamstring Muscles

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    The hamstring refers to a group of muscles that lie at the posterior aspect of the thigh. The hamstring muscles cross (and therefore act upon) both the hip joint and the knee joint. The hamstring is the single large tendon found behind the knee or comparable area.The hamstrings include the following muscles from medial to lateral:
  1. The semimembranosus
  2. The semitendinosus 
  3. The biceps femoris
    Theses hamstring muscles have similar structure and function. They each originate at the ischial tuberosity of the hip bone and travel over the posterior of the knee joint and inserts in either the tibia or the fibula of the lower leg. The hamstring muscle function in the flexion of the knee joint and extension of the hip joint.The hamstrings play a crucial role in many daily activities such as walking, running, jumping, and controlling some movement in the trunk. In walking, they are most important as an antagonist to the quadriceps in the deceleration of knee extension.

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The hamstring muscle function in the flexion of the knee joint and extension of the hip joint.
IMAGE courtesy of ​http://bodybuilding-wizard.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/machine-hip-flexor-1-3.jpg 
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The Semimembranosus Muscle

 Function = Extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg.

  The semimembranosus muscle is medial hamstring muscle, lying toward the posterior portion of the inner thigh, underneath (deep) to the semitendinous muscle. 
The Semitendinosus Muscle
Function = Extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg.
    The semitendinosus muscle lies medial to biceps femoris. It is superficial, and has a long, slender tendon at the posterior aspect of the thigh. 
The Biceps Femoris
Function = Extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg.
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​    The biceps femoralis gets its name because it has "two heads"; a long head and a short head. The long head of the biceps femoris extends the hip, as when beginning to walk; both short and long heads flex the knee and laterally (outwardly) rotate the lower leg when the knee is bent.
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Muscles of the Quadraceps

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The quadriceps femoris gets its name from the Latin words that mean "four-headed muscle of the femur". The quadraceps femoris refers to a muscle group that consists of 4 muscles of the anterior (front) thigh area (or the femoral area. The muscles are extensors of the knee. 
Quick Overview of the Quadriceps
  • ​Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course.
The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles:
  • Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh).
  • Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh).
  • Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh), but underneath (deep) to the rectus femoris. Typically, it cannot be seen without dissection of the rectus femoris.
The hip is a ball-and-socket joint that permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation of the thigh. The muscles that flex the thigh at the hip originate from the vertebral column and pelvis and pass anterior to (in front of ) the hip joint. ​
The animated GIF shows the 4 muscles of the quadriceps as the following colors:

rectus femoris - blue
vastus lateralis - yellow
vastus intermedius - green
vastus medialis -
 red
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By BodyParts3D/Anatomography - BodyParts3D/Anatomography, CC BY-SA 2.1 jp, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33808194
Rectus Femoris
Function = Extends leg and flexes thigh (brings thigh up)
The rectus femoris is the quadriceps muscle that lies at the middle of the front part of the thigh. It lies (wholly or partially) on top of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight-appearing orientation at the front of the thigh. 
Vastus Medialis
Function = Extends leg; stabilize knee (patella)
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    The vastus medialis is located on the front medial portion of the thigh. It is one of the quadraceps muscles. The vastus medialis originates medially along the entire length of the femur. It is connected to the other quadriceps muscle. 
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Vastus Lateralis
Function = Extends leg (brings leg straight) and stabilizes knee
The vastus lateralis muscle is the largest head of the
quadriceps group. It forms the lateral aspect of the thigh. 
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Vastus Intermedius
Function = Extends leg
Vastus Intermedius Cannot be Viewed in the Muscular Leg Model Without Removing the Rectus Femoris.

​Vastus intermedius
 lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh), but underneath (deep) to the rectus femoris. Typically, it cannot be seen without dissection of the rectus femoris. In the 3D model, you will have to remove the rectus femoris in order to view the vastus intermedius. 
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Sartorius Muscles

​Function = Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg (weak) as in a soccer kick; helps produce the cross-legged position.
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​    The sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the human body. It is easily recognized because it is superficial, long and thin. It is a strap-like superficial muscle that runs obliquely across the front (anterior surface) of the thigh and inserts at the knee. The sartorius muscle is weak, but it assists other muscles in moving the hip joint and the knee joint. 

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    The sartorius muscle is able to flex, adduct and laterally rotate the thigh. It also is able to flex the knee and medially rotates the leg. Turning the foot to look at the sole or sitting cross-legged demonstrates all four actions of the sartorius.
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Gracilis Muscle

Function = Aducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
    The gracilis muscle is the most superficial muscle on the inner thigh. The muscle fibers originate at the pubis and run vertically downward, spans the knee joint, then inserts into the tibia. The gracilis muscle functions to adduct the lower limb. 
    The muscle adducts, medially rotates, and flexes
 the hip as above, and also aids in flexion of the knee.
There are five groin (adductor) muscles; three of them are called the 'short adductors' (pectineus, adductor brevis andadductor longus) and the other two are called the 'longadductors' and consist of gracilis and adductor magnus.

Adductor Longus

Function = adducts the thigh
The adductor longus is a  muscle located in the inner thigh area. One of the adductor muscles of the hip, its main function is to adduct the thigh.
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Gastrocnemius Muscle

     The anatomical name for your calf muscle is the gastrocnemius. The gastrocnemius muscle is named from the Latin words for "stomach" and  "leg", because is kind of looks like  a stomach (bulging region) of your leg. It is a powerful muscle of the lower posterior leg that has two heads. The gastrocnemius muscles originate just above the knee and insert at the heel. 
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Tibialis Anterior

​By Chrizz from sv, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3086148
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Soleus

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Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus

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