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    • LC50 and LD50
    • How to Make a Solar Water Heater
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    • Testing for Sugar, Starch and Proteins
    • Osmosis, Diffusion and Filtration
    • buffers
    • OSMOSIS LAB
    • Anatomical Planes
    • Body Cavities and Membranes
    • Anatomical Positions
    • The Appendicular Skeleton
    • The SKULL
    • the Thoracic Cage
    • the vertebral column
  • Human Sexuality
    • Course Information
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    • Lesson 1 - Introduction to Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 2 - Genetic Inheritance of Human Sexuality
    • Lesson 3 - The Male Reproductive Tract
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    • Lesson 5 - The Menstrual Cycle
    • Midterm Exam Study Guide
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    • Lesson 7 - Disorders of Sexual Development
    • Lesson 8 - Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction
    • Lesson 9 - Fetishism
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      • Bacteria vs Archaeal Structures
      • Taxonomic Classifications
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    • Cell Culture and Inoculations
    • aseptic technique
    • WET MOUNT
    • Streak Plate
    • Mannitol salt agar (MSA) Test
    • Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
    • Blood Agar
    • Dilution Series and Calculations
    • Phage Plaque Assay
    • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
    • Microbiology Lab -study guide exam one
    • Ex 2 - Microorganisms
    • EX 3 - aseptic technique
    • Ex 4 - Smear Prep
    • Ex 5 - Simple Stains
    • Ex 6 - Negative Staining
    • Ex 8 - Gram Stain
    • Ex 9 - Acid-Fast Stain
    • Ex 10 - Endospore Stain
    • Ex 11 - Motility Test
    • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
    • ex 13 - UV Radiation
    • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
    • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
    • ex 16 - Hand-washing
    • ex 17 - pH and microbial growth
    • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
    • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
  • HISTOTECHNOLOGY
  • The Brain
  • The Brain
  • The Structure of DNA
  • Contact
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    • Population Ecology - ACTIVITY
    • The Carbon Cycle - ACTIVITY
    • Evolution - ACTIVITY
    • The Cell Game
    • SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY
    • THE LORAX ACTIVITY
    • Brittney the Kidney
    • From Soup to Poop
    • MITOSIS - THE NURSERY RHYME
    • Verne the Sperm and friends
      • Verne the Sperm pg1
        • Verne the Sperm pg2
        • Verne the Sperm pg3
        • Verne the Sperm pg4
        • Verne the Sperm pg5
  • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
  • A History of Anatomy
  • List of Pages
    • Microscopes
  • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
  • Chemistry of Life
  • Muscle Movements
  • The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
  • The Muscles of the Limbs
  • Nervous Tissue
  • The Brain - Anat and Physiology
  • Instructions for Taking BIO 3070
  • MTH 121 Algebra A - Course Schedule and Info
  • Laboratory Calendar CMC Spring 2019
  • Genetics Lab
  • Chemistry and Conversions Lab
  • Digestion and Enzymes Lab
  • Endocrine and Homeostasis Lab
  • Muscles and Reflexes Lab
  • Sensory Lab
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Blood Lab
  • Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Electrocardiogram Lab
  • Respiratory Lab
  • Lab 11 Renal Lab
  • Blood Typing Game
  • Body Systems Interactive
  • Ch 9 - The Central Nervous System
  • Ch 10 - Sensory Systems
  • Neuron Virtual Laboratory
  • Virtual Eye Lab
  • Virtual pH Lab
  • Chemical Bonds Virtual Lab
  • Beer's Law Virtual Lab
  • Build-an-Atom Virtual Lab
  • Diffusion Virtual Lab
  • Ohm's Law Virtual Lab
  • New Page
  • Ch 8 - Nervous System

Motility Test

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   Some bacteria are motile (able to move). Most motile bacteria are spirochetes or bacillus (rod-shaped) bacteria. These often have specialized organelles called flagella (or a flagellum, if singular) that is used to move away from harmful substances and to move towards nutrients. 

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PART I  WET MOUNT

  1. ​Prepare wet mount slides of both S. aureus and P. vulgaris using 5 loopfuls of each organism in the center of a slide
  2. Cover the organism with a cover slip.
  3. View under 400X magnification immediately, otherwise the culture will dry and you will not see anything move. Do not go to oil, you may crack the coverslip.

WET MOUNT PREPARATION

Organisms for Wet-Mount

​• Proteus vulgaris 
​Gram-negative, bacillus (rod-shaped) bacteria that reduces nitrate and produces hydrogen sulfide. It is found in the G.I. tract, soil, and fecal matter. Can cause wound infections and UTIs. 

​​• ​Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-positive, cocci (spherical) bacteria that reduces nitrogen and is considered the normal flora of the body. It is found in the nose, respiratory tract, and skin. 

​• Bacillus megaterium
Gram-positive, bacillus (rod-shaped), spore- forming bacterium. B. megaterium is amongst the largest bacteria we know of

MOTILITY STAB TEST
    For this test, a softer version of agar, called motility agar, will be used. Motility agar has a colorless dye (TTC or 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride) that some bacteria have the ability to reduce. TTC becomes red when it is reduced by these bacteria. You may want to review your oxidation-reduction reactions (a.k.a. red-ox reactions from general chemistry). Bacteria that have the ability to reduce TTC, will reduce whatever TTC they may come into contact with. In this way, we will be able to visualize if the bacteria is motile or not, and if it is able to reduce TTC. 

PROCEDURE FOR MOTILITY STAB TEST

You will prepare 2 separate samples (1 using S. aureus and 1 using P. vulgaris) in exactly the same way, using sterile technique.

  1. Flame inoculation needle, uncap agar tube of appropriate bacteria and stab 2-3 times in same spot.
  2. Flame the mouth of the tube and recap tube., then remove cap from the motility agar and stab the motility agar ONE TIME ONLY. Flame mouth of motility agar tube and replace cap. Flame inoculation needle well (until visibly red) to sterilize.
  3. Incubate this media at 25°C.

Reading the Results of a Motility Stab Test

  
MOTILE
REDUCE TTC
Total
​Result
S. aureus
If there was either a red or a colorless blurry area radiating outward from stab-point = YES
If not = NO
if red = YES
​if colorless = NO
??
P. vulgaris
If there was either a red or a colorless blurry area radiating outward from stab-point = YES
If not = NO
​if red = YES
​if colorless = NO
??
  • If the bacteria is motile , and is able to reduce TTC, you can visualize the motility by noticing a red area radiating outward from a red stab-point. 
  • If the bacteria is NOT motile , and is able to reduce TTC, you can visualize the motility by noticing a red area radiating outward from a red stab-point. 
  • If the bacteria is motile , but is NOT able to reduce TTC, you can still visualize the motility by noticing a "blurry" or "fuzzy" area radiating outward from a colorless stab-point.
  • In contrast, if the bacteria is NOT motile and is NOT able to reduce TTC, then the motility agar will appear exactly as it did immediately after the stab (inoculation); as a colorless stab-point with no visible distortions radiating outward from it.  ​
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HANGING DROP PREPARATION

MATERIALS

The organism you will observe for this motility test is B. megaterium.
You will be using a depression slide (also called a welled slide), a coverslip, a toothpick and some vaseline, for this test. 
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coverslip
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vaseline
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depression slide (welled-slide)
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toothpick

Procedure 

  1. Using a toothpick, place a small amount of Vaseline on each corner of the cover slip. 
  2. ​Add two loop-fulls of bacteria to the center of the coverslip. 
  3. Invert the depression slide so that the welled portion is lined up over the coverslip and the bacteria, and gently press.
  4. Quickly flip over the slide and view using the 40X objective (400X).
Picture
Step One
Picture
Step Two
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Step Three
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Flagella in bacteria cells are very small and thin. It is almost impossible to view these structures using a compound microscope without staining.

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