General Biology Lab
Lab 5 - Cells
Fundamental Units of Life – CELLS!
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the_cell.ppt |
Fundamental Units of Life – CELLS!
CELLS ARE -
Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
Property Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cell wall Present (formed of cellulose) Absent
Shape Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape)
Vacuole One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells) One, large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume.
Centrioles Present in all animal cells Only present in lower plant forms.
Chloroplast Animal cells don't have chloroplasts Plant cells have chloroplasts because they make their own food.
Plastids Absent Present
Plasma Membrane Only cell membrane Cell wall and a cell membrane
Lysosomes Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm Lysosomes usually not evident.
Cilia Present Most plant cells do not contain cilia.
Cell Structure
Cell Wall
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CELLS ARE -
- Living Compartments
- Organisms can exist as a single cells - amebas
- Cells vary in size and shape; each is basically a fluid filled bag in which various structures are housed
- Internal structures are called organelles (little organs in latin)
- Living Compartments
- Intracellular = “inside of the cell”
- Extracellular = “outside of the cell”
- Organelles are small membrane bound structures that have specific functions within the cell
- Prokaryotic = DO NOT have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles
- bacteria
- Eukaryotic = Have a membrane bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- both plants and animal cells are eukaryotic
Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
Property Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cell wall Present (formed of cellulose) Absent
Shape Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape)
Vacuole One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells) One, large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume.
Centrioles Present in all animal cells Only present in lower plant forms.
Chloroplast Animal cells don't have chloroplasts Plant cells have chloroplasts because they make their own food.
Plastids Absent Present
Plasma Membrane Only cell membrane Cell wall and a cell membrane
Lysosomes Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm Lysosomes usually not evident.
Cilia Present Most plant cells do not contain cilia.
Cell Structure
Cell Wall
- Composed of complex carbohydrate-cellulose
- Humans are unable to digest cellulose because the appropriate enzymes to breakdown the beta-acetal linkages it has are lacking.
- Support, rigidity, and protection
- Surrounds plasma membrane
- PLANT CELLS ONLY!!
- Double lipid bilayer (2 layers)
- Composed of protein and phospholipids
- The membrane regulates the exchange of substances (nutrients/waste/signaling molecules) between the cell and its surrounding
- Cell Structure
- Cytoplasm (cell blood?)
- liquid substance inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus
- Where biochemical reactions occur and organelles are suspended
- BOTH plant and animal cells
- Cell Structure
- Aid in locomotion
- BOTH Plant and Animal cells can have these.
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Nucleus (cell brain?)
- Contains genetic instructions (DNA)
- Controls cellular activities
- BOTH plant and animal cells
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Release of energy from sugars in the form of ATP through cellular respiration
- BOTH plant and animal cells
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Acquire energy through light (absorb photons!) and convert into chemical energy by photosynthesis
- Contain green photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll.
- PLANT Cells ONLY!!!
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Protein synthesis
- BOTH Plant and Animal Cells
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Transport of proteins and synthesis of lipids
- BOTH Plant and Animal cells
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Modification, packaging and shipping of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
- BOTH Plant and Animal cells
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Storage of water, wastes, and nutrients
- Influences cell size and shape – TURGOR PRESSURE
- PLANT cells ONLY!!!
- Cell Structure - Organelles
- Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion of bacteria, cellular debris, and worn out cell parts
- Animal Cells ONLY!!!
- protein filaments that give structure and create a scaffold for organelles.
- Animal Cells ONLY!!!
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