The domain Eukarya is divided into the following four kingdoms.
- PROTISTA - Protists are a large diverse group of relatively simple organisms composed of usually just one eukaryotic cell, but can also be multi-cellular.
- FUNGI - Fungi are organisms that secrete digestive enzymes onto their food which breaks it down. Once broken down, the fungi can then absorb the nutrients.
- PLANTAE - Plants produce their own food using sunlight through the process of photosynthesis.
- ANIMALIA - Animals rely on consuming other organisms as a food source.
Protists are microscopic eukaryotic organisms that made up of only one cell. Most protists can be found in pond water.The two major categories of protists are
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A Water Flea and a Dancing Volvox
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ALGAE
All algae have chloroplasts, which gives them their green color. The chloroplasts allows for the algae to make its own food using photosynthesis.
Electron Micrograph of Gephyrocapsa oceanica courtesy of... Photo by NEON ja, colored by Richard Bartz - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6072505 |
Photograph of Algae on Sea Bed COurtesy of...
By Toby Hudson - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18150674 |
The EUGLENA are a type of algae that can be found in pond water. Click on the short video below to see how they move! They are green, because they contain chloroplasts, which allows them to make their own food using photosynthesis. They also have a flagellum which they use to move and to sense their environment.
PROTOZOA
Blepharisma japonicum
Protozoa get their name from the Greek words 'protos', which means 'first' and "zoan", which means 'animal'. As you may have guessed, the protozoans were names this, because they were the first animal-like organisms to evolve.
Protozoans are a very diverse group of organisms. Many of them are heterotrophic (hetero means 'other' and trophic means 'to eat'), meaning that they must consume other organisms as a food source in order to live. These protozoans usually feast on bacteria or other protozoa.
Protozoans are a very diverse group of organisms. Many of them are heterotrophic (hetero means 'other' and trophic means 'to eat'), meaning that they must consume other organisms as a food source in order to live. These protozoans usually feast on bacteria or other protozoa.
A bdelloid rotifer
Some species of protozoa can switch between being autotrophic (auto means 'self' and trophic means 'to eat') and heterotrophic. This means that these protozoans are capable of making their own food when there is an ample supply of sunlight, and they are capable of consuming other organisms as a food source when sunlight is scarce. There are even some protists that gain energy from the environment in a similar manner as fungi. These protists predigest their food source by secreting enzymes onto it (or into it) that function to break it down into a form that can be absorbed.
Tardigrades (Water Bears)
Tardigrades are microscopic creatures that are able to survive the some of the strangest conditions in the universe. They can hibernate without water for at least 100 years. They can survive temperatures 50% hotter than boiling water. They survive in pressures that are higher than the pressure in our deepest oceans. Tardigrades have even been blasted to outer space and were completely fine! They were just fine without air, without pressure and without water.
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Example of an Illnesses Caused by Protozoa! Example = MALARIA
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Plasmodium is a genus of parasitic protozoa, many of which cause malaria in their hosts. It is spread by mosquitos. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, headache, jaundice, seizures or coma. Can be fatal. According to the World Health Organization, Malaria effected approximately 296 million people in 2015. Malaria is believed to have caused 730,500 of these infected people to die. (wikipedia)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria |
FUNGUS
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A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms in the KINGDOM FUNGI. This includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms. Image provided by https://colonialnuggets.wikispaces.com/2014_KingdomsFungi
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The FUN-gi Kingdom
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Yeast
A. Yeast is a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
B. Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.
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FOODS/DRINKS THAT ARE MADE POSSIBLE WITH YEAST INCLUDE...
a) Breads b) Alcohols c) Cakes and More! Yeast can also be used in the process of fermentation to create the biofuel, ethanol! Biofuels are important, because it is cleaner than gasoline and it made from food products like corn and sugar, instead of using fossil fuels. |
A. Mold grows on bread when the bread comes in contact with dust that is carrying fungi, which are tiny microorganisms.
B. Mold spores remain airborne until they land on a piece of food, germinate and grow into a healthy fungus.
C. Mold lives off the food its growing on by eating away at it. It commonly grows right through whatever it's eating.
D. Fungi secrete an enzyme onto their food source that breaks it down aiding digestion. They then grow microscopic roots into the food itself.
B. Mold spores remain airborne until they land on a piece of food, germinate and grow into a healthy fungus.
C. Mold lives off the food its growing on by eating away at it. It commonly grows right through whatever it's eating.
D. Fungi secrete an enzyme onto their food source that breaks it down aiding digestion. They then grow microscopic roots into the food itself.