SCIENTIST CINDY
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      • Ex 11 - Motility
      • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
      • ex 13 - UV Radiation
      • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
      • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
      • ex 16 - Handwashing
      • ex 17 - ph and microbial growth
      • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
      • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
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      • Lab 5 - How is Energy Acquired?
      • Lab 6 - How do organisms reproduce and what are the consequences?
      • Lab 7 - How are Traits Inherited?
      • Lab 8 - How is Genetic Information Expressed?
      • Lab 9 - What Determines Where and How Many Species Exist?
      • Lab 10 - Why is Conserving Biodiversity Important?
    • Bio 101L Labs >
      • Enzymes
      • OSMOSIS LAB
      • Lab 1 - Bacteria, Protista and Fungi
      • Lab 2 - Plantae and Animalia
      • Photosynthesis
      • The Metric System
      • Lab 5 - Introduction to Cells
      • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
      • Lab 8 - Enzymes
      • Lab 9 - Photosynthesis
      • Lab 10 Fermentation, Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Associated Major Organ Systems
  • Verne the Sperm and friends
    • Verne the Sperm pg1 >
      • Verne the Sperm pg2
      • Verne the Sperm pg3
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      • Plantae and Animalia - Ecological Roles
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  • Contact
  • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
  • Ex 24 - Examination of Water - Most Probable Number
  • Ex 25 - Transformation

BLOOD CELLS

A LOOK AT THE RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS

BLOOD CELLS

The circulatory system exists to transport the blood.
​The blood has 3 major components.
  1. Blood Cells
    1. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) 
    2. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
  2. Platelets
    1. Blood Clotting Factors
  3. Blood Plasma
    1. The Liquid Background Substance of the Blood
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THE RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)
    The proper name for Red Blood Cells is Erythrocytes. Red blood cells are short-lived and do not have a nucleus. The main function of the erythrocytes is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and to take away unwanted waste products and carbon dioxide from the cells.
     Red blood cells are easy to spot in histology due to the lack of the nucleus. 

   The red blood cells function to:
  1. Deliver oxygen to the cells of the body.
  2. Take away carbon dioxide from the cells.
  3. Deliver nutrients to the cells of the body.
  4. Take away toxins and waste products from the cells. 
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THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)
    White blood cells come from hematopoietic stem cells found in bone marrow. Leukocytes are found everywhere in the body, including the blood of the circulatory system and the lymph of the lymphatic system. All white blood cells have nuclei and are easily distinguishable from red blood cells. 
    White blood cells are known as leukocytes. The general function of leukocytes is to protect the body against infectious diseases and foreign invaders. There are 6 types of leukocytes that fall into one of two categories. ​
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There are 2 categories of white blood cells;
  1. Granulocytes
  2. Agranulocytes
  Granulocytes appear "speckled" or granulated, because they contain secretory vessels. The secretory vessels stain purple with the hematoxylin nuclear stain. ​
There are 3 types of granular white blood cells:  
  1. Neutrophils 
  2. Basophils
  3. Eosinophils
There are 2 types of agranular white blood cells:
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Mo​nocytes

Granulocytes

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GRANULOCYTES

Agranulocytes

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 Neutrophils

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        Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell. They are the "first responders" of the immune system and defend against bacteria and fungi.  

    Neutrophils appear as though they have multiple nuclei. However their nucleus is made up of 3 to 4 lobes connected by a thin section.

Basophils

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Eosinophils

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Eosinophils are rare and  primarily target parasitic infections. Under the microscope they appear to have 2 lobes and stain very pink (due to the eosin stain).  ​

Lymphocytes

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Monocytes

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    Monocytes are large phagocytic white blood cells, known as macrophages. The nucleus will be large and "kidney-shaped", taking up most of the space in the cell. Monocytes (macrophages) are part of the body's innate nonspecific defensive cells, but also function to provide specific immunity long term.
   In their nonspecific defensive function, the macrophages are able to "eat" or engulf larger particles of debris, dead or damaged cells, pathogens or foreign invaders of the body. The macrophages are constantly on patrol to seek and destroy. They travel
throughout the body using the circulatory system and are able to move through the capillary walls if they encounter any signs that an intruder has invaded or damage has occurred. 
    The macrophages also have a specific immune function in addition to the non-specific phagocytosis (engulfing) of unwanted entities. This specific immune function is acquired through the action first identifying a particle being "foreign", or not belonging to the body. It does this by identifying the major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHCs) on the surface of the particle. Each person has their own unique signature MHCs, except for identical twins, that enables the cells of their immune system to identify the cells of the body, and to be able to distinguish those cells from bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Even the body's own cells that have become mutated or infected with a pathogen will often show evidence of the change as a change in the signaling sequence of the MHCs on the surface of those affected cells.. ​
    Monocytes have agranulated cytoplasm. Their nucleus contains only one oddly shaped lobe, that is large and takes up most of the space within the cell. The nucleus usually takes on a rather "kidney-bean" shaped. The nuclei of monocytes do not contain distinct lobes like we see with eosinophils, for example. 
    Monocytes (macrophages) that are stored in the spleen can be mobilized to the area of injury or infection in response to inflammation w
ithin approximately 8–12 hours. ​
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  • Home
  • Anatomy
    • THE BASICS >
      • Anatomical Positions
      • Levels of Organization
      • Anatomical Planes
      • Body Cavities and Membranes
      • Anatomical Regions
      • Microscopy
    • Cells >
      • Anatomy of the Cell
      • Membrane Transport
      • The Cell Cycle
      • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
      • mitosis
      • BLOOD CELLS
    • Animal Dissection (Virtual)
    • Organ Systems >
      • The Integumentary System
      • Portal to the Skeletal system >
        • BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
        • The SKULL
        • the vertebral column
        • the Thoracic Cage
        • The Appendicular Skeleton
        • joints
      • The Muscular System Portal >
        • SBVC Muscle Practical and Midterm Study Guide
        • The Muscles of the Head, Trunk and Shoulders
        • The Muscles of the Limbs
      • The Nervous System >
        • The Brain
        • The Ear - Sensory Organs
        • The Eye - Sensory Organs
      • The Respiratory System
      • SBVC Digestive System
      • Digestive System
      • THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PORTAL >
        • Circulatory System SBVC
        • THE HEART
        • THE VESSELS OF BLOOD CIRCULATION
      • The Urinary System
      • THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
      • GABA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
    • Tissues Portal >
      • Anatomy Exam One Study Guide
      • Cumulative Histology Slides Review
      • Epithelial Tissues
      • Connective Tissue
      • Muscle Tissue
      • Nervous Tissue
  • Anat & Physio
    • The Integumentary System a&p >
      • The Epidermis
      • The Dermis
      • The Epidermis rio
      • Connective Tissue
    • Portal to the Skeletal system
    • A&P BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES
    • Endocrine System
  • Microbiology
    • Microbiology Portal
    • HOME PAGE for BIO 270 Microbiology Sections 01 & 02 >
      • Syllabus for Microbiology BIO 270 Sections 01 & 02 Syllabus
    • HOME PAGE for BIO 270 Microbiology Hybrid Sections 70 & 71 >
      • Syllabus for Microbiology BIO 270 Sections 70 & 71 Syllabus >
        • THE CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE >
          • Chemical Bonds
          • Chemical Reactions
        • History of Microbiology
        • Week 3 - BIOFILM >
          • week 3 - Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells >
            • - Prokaryotic Organisms
        • Week 4 - bacterial diversity >
          • Week 4 - Archaeal Diversity
          • Week 4 - Cell Structure and Function in the Bacteria and Archaea
          • - Prokaryotic Anatomy and Morphology
        • week 5 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth
        • Microbial Genetics
        • Bacteria and Archaea
        • Introduction to Microbiology
        • Cell Theory
        • week 7 - Nutritional Categories
        • Introduction to Microbial Metabolism
      • The Development of Cell Theory
      • Eukaryotes
      • CONTROL OF BACTERIA GROWTH AND ANTIBIOTICS
      • EPIDEMIOLOGY
      • PATHOGENICITY
      • HOST DEFENSES
      • Diseases
      • Definition of Terms
    • MIC LAB >
      • Microbiology Lab Exam One Study Guide
      • Dilution Series and Calculations
      • Ex 1 - Microscopes
      • Ex 2 - Microorganisms
      • EX 3 - aseptic technique
      • Ex 4 - Smear Prep
      • Ex 5 - Simple Stains
      • Ex 6 - Negative Staining
      • Ex 8 - Gram Stain
      • Ex 9 - Acid-Fast Stain
      • Ex 10 - Endospore Stain
      • Ex 11 - Motility
      • ex 12 -​ Pure culture technique
      • ex 13 - UV Radiation
      • Ex 14 - Enumeration of Bacteria : Standard Plate Count
      • ex - 15 Effects of Temperature on Growth
      • ex 16 - Handwashing
      • ex 17 - ph and microbial growth
      • ex 18 - Evaluation of Antiseptics
      • ex 19 - Antibiotic Sensitivity : Kirby-Bauer Method
  • Biology
    • Characteristics of Life
    • Chemistry of Life - Inorganic
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC
    • EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
    • Introduction to The Cell
    • Cell Membranes and Osmosis
    • Photosynthesis and cellular Respiration
    • The Cell Cycle
    • REGULATION of The Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis
    • Genetics
    • Evolution
  • BIO LABS
    • BIO 111L Labs >
      • Lab 1 - The Basics of the Life Science Laboratory
      • Lab 2 - What are the Fundamental Units of Life?
      • Lab 3 - How Do Cells Respond to Changing Environments?
      • Lab 4 - How are Material Transported Throughout the Body?
      • Lab 5 - How is Energy Acquired?
      • Lab 6 - How do organisms reproduce and what are the consequences?
      • Lab 7 - How are Traits Inherited?
      • Lab 8 - How is Genetic Information Expressed?
      • Lab 9 - What Determines Where and How Many Species Exist?
      • Lab 10 - Why is Conserving Biodiversity Important?
    • Bio 101L Labs >
      • Enzymes
      • OSMOSIS LAB
      • Lab 1 - Bacteria, Protista and Fungi
      • Lab 2 - Plantae and Animalia
      • Photosynthesis
      • The Metric System
      • Lab 5 - Introduction to Cells
      • Lab 6 - The Chemistry of Cells
      • Lab 8 - Enzymes
      • Lab 9 - Photosynthesis
      • Lab 10 Fermentation, Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Associated Major Organ Systems
  • Verne the Sperm and friends
    • Verne the Sperm pg1 >
      • Verne the Sperm pg2
      • Verne the Sperm pg3
      • Verne the Sperm pg4
      • Verne the Sperm pg5
    • From Soup to Poop
    • Brittney the Kidney
    • mighty mitosis
    • FUN ZONE >
      • GAMES
      • Video Vault
      • Population Ecology - ACTIVITY
      • The Carbon Cycle - ACTIVITY
      • Evolution - ACTIVITY
      • EXTRA CREDIT - The Cell Game
      • SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY
      • THE LORAX ACTIVITY
  • Environmental Science
    • MIDTERM 2 STUDY GUIDE
    • Exam 2 Study Guide
    • ENVS 105 Home Page >
      • Midterm 3 Study Guide Population Ecology
      • Ecology II - Communities and Ecosystems
      • Module 1 Assignments
      • Module 2 Assignments
    • Inrtoduction to ENV SCI
    • Introduction to environmental science
    • Historical Perspective of ​Environmental Science
    • Biomes
    • ECOSYSTEMS and Energy Flow
    • FOOD CHAIN and FOOD WEB
    • Biogeochemical Recycling
    • Evolution - Our Beginning
    • Genetic Inheritance
    • Evolution: How Populations Change over Time
    • Symbiosis
    • Population Ecology
    • Competition in Nature
    • Predation
    • Herbivory
    • Niches
    • Fossil Fuels
  • Env Bio Lab
    • ENV BIO LAB FINAL STUDY GUIDE
    • The Metric System
    • Ecological Roles of Living Organisms >
      • The Basics
      • Bacteria - Ecological Roles
      • Protists - Ecological Roles
      • Fungus - Ecological Roles
      • Plantae and Animalia - Ecological Roles
    • Adaptations to Dry Climates
    • Microscopes
    • GROWTH CURVES
    • SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
    • WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
  • Human Sexuality
    • Course Information
    • Course Calendar
    • Week 1
    • Week 2
    • Week 3
    • Week 4
    • Week 5
    • Week 6
    • Week 7
    • Week 8
    • Week 9
    • HOME PAGE for BIO 270 Microbiology Hybrid Sections 70 & 71
    • Week 10
    • Finals Week
  • Chemistry
    • The Chemistry of Cells - ORGANIC >
      • pH Lab
      • pH Lab
      • VOLCANO LAB
  • SCI 102 - College Success
    • Online Professionalism
    • Advising Resources
    • INTERVIEW SKILLS AND RESUME WRITING
    • DIVERSITY
    • CAMPUS EVENTS
    • Time Management
  • Contact
  • MICROBIOLOGY UNKNOWN LAB
  • Ex 24 - Examination of Water - Most Probable Number
  • Ex 25 - Transformation
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